Synaxe
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Dans l'Église orthodoxe et les Églises orientales catholiques qui suivent le rite byzantin, la Synaxe (en grec: Σύναξις; slaves: Собор, Sobor) est le nom donné aux réunions des chrétiens à des fins liturgiques, généralement à travers la célébration des Vêpres, Matines, Petites Heures et la Divine Liturgie.
Feast day
In Constantinople, the clergy and faithful would often gather together on specific feast days at a church dedicated to the saint of that day for liturgical celebrations. These gatherings were referred to as synaxes. These synaxes came to have services written specifically for them. A Synaxis often occurs on the day following a Major Feast Day and is in honor of saints who participated in the event. For example, services on the Feast of Theophany (the revelation of the Trinity at the Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan) would be held at Hagia Sophia; then, the next day, a Synaxis was observed in honor of St. John the Forerunner at the church dedicated to him. Over time, the synaxes came into general use and are now celebrated in every church.
Synaxis can also refer to a common commemoration of a number of saints in a single service, such as the Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles. Each individual saint may have his or her own separate feast day, but they are all commemorated together on their synaxis.
Most synaxes are observed as fixed feasts, being celebrated on the same calendar date year after year, though some occur on the nearest Sunday to a particular date. Other synaxes are celebrated on the Paschal cycle, moving backward or forward in the calendar according to the date of Pascha (Easter) that year.
The following are Synaxes which are universally observed in the Rite of Constantinople:
- Synaxis of the Theotokos (Décembre 26)
- Synaxis of the Forerunner (Janvier 7)
- Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles (Janvier 4)
- Synaxis of the Three Great Hierarchs (Janvier 30)
- Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel (Mars 26 et July 13)
- Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles (Juin 30)
- Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Second Ecumenical Council (Mai 22)
- Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Fifth Ecumenical Council (Juillet 25)
- Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Third Ecumenical Council (Septembre 9)
- Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers (Novembre 8)
- Synaxis of the Holy Unmercenaries (Novembre 1)
- Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council (Dimanche après la Pentecôte and May 29)
- Synaxis of All Saints (Dimanche apres la Pentecôte)
- Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council (Dimanche après Octobre 8)
- Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Sixth Ecumenical Council (Janvier 23)
